Reason codes: putting the classifications into practice

Code	Source Type	Source Known?	Key Reason for Ruling	Scholarly Opinion	Classification
R1A	Non-animal derived, or from Islamically slaughtered animals, and free from intoxicating ethanol concentration	Known	No Confirmed Prohibited Content: To the best of our knowledge and based on current data, there is no evidence confirming the presence of any prohibited substances or impurities.	Permissible — with universal scholarly agreement	🟩 Halāl (Green)

Code	Source Type	Source Known?	Key Reason for Ruling	Scholarly Opinion	Classification
R2A	Bovine bone gelatin	Known- bone source	Majority Opinion: The majority of scholars hold that bones do not carry flowing blood and therefore are not subject to the requirement of Islamic slaughter. As a result, they are considered inherently pure (ṭāhir) Legal Transformation (Istihāla): Not required according to the majority of scholars, as bones are already considered inherently pure (ṭāhir)	Permissible — majority scholarly opinion	🟨 Likely Halāl (Yellow)
R2B	Bovine hide gelatin	Known-hide source	Difference of Opinion: Permissibility depends on whether valid legal transformation (istihāla) occurs during the manufacturing process. Legal Transformation (Istihāla): The majority of scholars hold that valid legal transformation has not taken place.	Prohibited majority scholarly opinion. Permissible to apply topically- majority scholarly opinion	🟧 Doubtful (Amber)
R2C	Bovine gelatin (bone or hide)	Unknown whether bone or hide	Difference of opinion: Source is unclear or clear. Permissibility depends on whether valid legal transformation (istiḥāla) occurs during the manufacturing process. Legal Transformation (Istihāla): Based on the understanding that it is bovine, and adopting the more cautionary position (i.e., that it may be derived from other than hide or bone), the majority of scholars hold that valid legal transformation (istihāla) has not occurred.	Prohibited – majority scholarly opinion	🟧 Doubtful (Amber)

Code	Source Type	Source Known?	Key Reason for Ruling	Scholarly Opinion	Classification
R2E	Porcine gelatin	Known porcine source	Difference of Opinion: Permissibility depends on whether valid legal transformation (istihāla) occurs during the gelatin manufacturing process. Legal Transformation (Istihāla): The majority of scholars hold that valid legal transformation has not taken place.	Prohibited – majority scholarly opinion	🟧 Doubtful (Amber)
R2F	Porcine + bovine gelatin blend	Unknown (source unclear: bone or hide)	Difference of Opinion: Source is unclear. Permissibility depends on whether valid legal transformation (istihāla) occurs during the gelatin manufacturing process. Legal Transformation (Istihāla): Based on the understanding that it can be porcine, bovine hide or bone, and adopting the more cautionary position (i.e., that it is derived from porcine), the majority of scholars hold that valid legal transformation (istihāla) has not occurred.	Prohibited – majority scholarly opinion, adopting a precautionary stance	🟧 Doubtful (Amber)
R2G	Porcine-derived heparin	Known porcine source	Difference of Opinion: Extracted from pig intestines Permissibility depends on whether valid legal transformation (istihāla) occurs during the manufacturing process. Legal Transformation (Istihāla): The majority of scholars hold that valid legal transformation has not taken place.	Prohibited – majority scholarly opinion	🟧 Doubtful (Amber)

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Code	Source Type	Source Known?	Key Reason for Ruling	Scholarly Opinion	Classification
R3A	Carmine	Known Crushed cochineal insects	Presence in Final Product: Present Derived from insects, which are generally considered prohibited. Consumption is impermissible because it is derived from insects, even though considered legally pure. (ṭāhir).	Prohibited- with universal scholarly agreement Permissible to apply topically- with universal scholarly agreement	🟥 Not Permissible (Red)
R3B	Carmine	Known Crushed cochineal insects	Presence in final product – Presence is uncertain from data. Adopting the more cautionary position (i.e., that it is present in final product),	Prohibited- with universal scholarly agreement adopting a precautionary stance Permissible to apply topically- with universal scholarly agreement	🟥 Not Permissible (Red)

Code	Source Type	Source (Concentration) Known?	Source (Concentration) Known?	Scholarly Opinion	Classification
R4A	Ethanol not fermented from ashriba arba’a (i.e., grapes, dates or raisins)	Known Above 1%	Difference of Opinion: For ethanol content exceeding 1%, scholarly opinions differ. According to the majority of contemporary scholars (primarily Ḥanafī), ethanol not derived from grapes or dates is permissible in medications, provided it does not intoxicate in the amount consumed. Many scholars who adopt a stricter view also permit such ethanol based on the principle of public predicament and hardship (‘Umūm al-Balwa).	Permissible — majority scholarly opinion	🟨 Likely Halāl (Yellow)
R4B	Ethanol not fermented from ashriba arba’a (i.e., grapes, dates or raisins)	Unknown concentration	Difference of Opinion: The exact concentration is unclear; therefore, the more cautionary position of assuming it exceeds 1% is adopted. For ethanol content above 1%, scholarly opinions differ. According to the majority of contemporary scholars (primarily Ḥanafī), ethanol not derived from grapes or dates is permissible in medications, provided it does not intoxicate in the amount consumed Many scholars who adopt a stricter view also permit such ethanol based on the principle of public predicament and hardship (‘Umūm al-Balwa).	Permissible — majority scholarly opinion	🟨 Likely Halāl (Yellow)
R4C	Source Unknown	Unknown concentration	Common pharmaceutical ethanol (likely synthetic and very unlikely from ashriba arba’a (i.e., grapes, dates or raisins)). Due to dual uncertainty (source and concentration) therefore, the more cautionary position of assuming it exceeds 1% is adopted. According to the majority of contemporary scholars (primarily Ḥanafī), ethanol not derived from grapes or dates is permissible in medications, provided it does not intoxicate in the amount consumed	Permissible — majority scholarly opinion	🟨 Likely Halāl (Yellow)
R4D	Source Unknown	Known Above 1%	Common pharmaceutical ethanol (likely synthetic and very unlikely from ashriba arba’a (i.e., grapes, dates or raisins)). Due to uncertainty of source the predominant position of not being from ashriba arba’a (i.e., grapes, dates or raisins) is adopted. According to the majority of contemporary scholars (primarily Ḥanafī), ethanol not derived from grapes or dates is permissible in medications, provided it does not intoxicate in the amount consumed.	Permissible — majority scholarly opinion	🟨 Likely Halāl (Yellow)
R4E	Unknown	Known Below 1%	Ethanol Content Ethanol at a concentration below 1% used in manufacturing and medications is generally considered permissible, regardless of its source.	Permissible — with universal scholarly agreement	🟩 Halāl (Green)
R4F	Ethanol not fermented from ashriba arba’a (i.e., grapes, dates or raisins)	Known Below 1%	Ethanol Content Ethanol at a concentration below 1% used in manufacturing and medications is generally considered permissible, regardless of its source.	Permissible — with universal scholarly agreement	🟩 Halāl (Green)

Code	Source Type	Source Known?	Key Reason for Ruling	Scholarly Opinion	Classification
R5A	Calf Rennet used in the production of lactose or dairy ingredients.	Known Calf Rennet	Presence in Final Product: Present or Unclear Difference of Opinion: Rennet is dry and free from flowing blood, and is considered pure (Tāhir) by the majority of scholars. However, a minority may object if traces of rennet remain in the final product.	Permissible — majority scholarly opinion	🟨 Likely Halāl (Yellow)
R5B	Calf Rennet Used in the production of lactose or dairy ingredients.	Known Calf Rennet	Presence in Final Product: Not Present Calf rennet is used during the production process but is removed from the final product.	Permissible — with universal scholarly agreement	🟩 Halāl (Green)
R5C	Calf Rennet: Not used in the production of lactose or dairy ingredients.	Known No Calf Rennet	Presence in Final Product: Not Present Lactose is produced without the use of calf rennet and is free from concerns related to animal-derived enzymes.	Permissible — with universal scholarly agreement	🟩 Halāl (Green)
R5D	Calf Rennet: Unclear if used in the production of lactose or dairy ingredients.	Unknown (unclear whether Calf Rennet source)	Presence in Final Product: Unclear It is uncertain whether calf rennet is used at any stage. If used, it is generally considered pure (ṭāhir) by the majority of scholars, but a cautionary position is still recommended.	Permissible — majority scholarly opinion	🟨 Likely Halāl (Yellow)

Code	Source Type	Source Known?	Key Reason for Ruling	Scholarly Opinion	Classification
R6A	Chinese hamster (prohibited animal)	Known – Derived from Hamster Ovary cells (CHO cell line)	Presence in Final Product: Not Present Derived from a prohibited animal species. Even if the cells themselves are not present in the final product, their use in the manufacturing process renders it impermissible according to the agreement of all scholars.	Prohibited- with universal scholarly agreement	🟥 Not Permissible (Red)
R6B	Vero cell line – Non-human animal cell line (African green monkey kidney cells)	Known– Vero cell line is a continuous cell line derived from the kidney epithelial cells of an African green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops) in 1962 (Yasumura & Kawakita, Chiba University, Japan)	Presence in Final Product: Negligible Monkeys are prohibited animal species. The virus or biologic uses the cells as a growth medium — trace host DNA/protein may remain. The virus is a separate entity that replicates its own genome, but it uses the cell’s nutrients and machinery, so trace DNA/protein from the host cell can remain. Some scholars may permit as the prohibited or impure (Najis) substance is not the active agent — it’s just part of the production medium	Prohibited – majority scholarly opinion	🟧 Doubtful (Amber)

Code	Source Type	Source Known?	Key Reason for Ruling	Scholarly Opinion	Classification
R7A	Human blood–derived excipients & ingredients (e.g., albumin, immunoglobulins, clotting factors)	Known- Extracted from pooled human blood plasma, collected from screened donors. Fractionated to isolate proteins such as albumin, immunoglobulins, and clotting factors.	Presence in Final Product: Present The human body (or anything derived from it, like blood, tissue, or cells) is not to be used because of the principle of karāmah al-insān — the inviolable dignity and sanctity of the human body	Prohibited- with universal scholarly agreement	🟥 Not Permissible (Red)
R7B	Human diploid cell line	Known – Derived from a human diploid cell line (e.g., MRC-5, WI-38) originally from aborted foetal tissue.	Presence in Final Product: Negligible Intact MRC-5 cells are not present in the final vaccine or biologic. However, trace DNA fragments or residual proteins may remain at extremely low levels — so the presence is technically possible but negligible. The original source is human foetal tissue obtained through abortion, and the cell line perpetuates the same genetic material indefinitely. Using human body parts in this manner conflicts with the principles of human dignity (karāmah al-insān) and the sanctity of life (ḥifẓ al-nafs).	Prohibited- with universal scholarly agreement	🟥 Not Permissible (Red)

Code	Source Type	Source Known?	Key Reason for Ruling	Scholarly Opinion	Classification
R8A	Gelatin	Unknown– (source unclear: porcine or bovine; bone or hide)	Difference of opinion: Source is unclear. Permissibility depends on whether valid legal transformation (istiḥāla) occurs during the gelatin manufacturing process. Legal Transformation (Istihāla): Most scholars hold that because this is animal-derived gelatin — and often from hide or bones — a valid legal transformation (istihāla) has not occurred. As a result, they view it as impermissible unless the source animal was halal-slaughtered or confirmed from bones. However, if the product is certified halal, this certification usually follows the minority scholarly opinion that considers animal gelatin to have undergone sufficient transformation to be pure and permissible.	Prohibited – majority scholarly opinion	🟧 Doubtful (Amber)
R8B	Non-Gelatin	Unknown– (source unclear: porcine, bovine or other)	Difference of opinion: Permissibility depends on whether valid legal transformation (istiHāla) occurs during the manufacturing process. Legal Transformation (Istihāla): For animal non-gelatin ingredients, valid legal transformation (istihāla) is generally unlikely because the manufacturing process is often unclear or not fully transparent. As a result, the majority of scholars agree that a cautionary position should be taken. However, if the product is certified halāl, this usually reflects the minority opinion that accepts the possibility of valid transformation or sufficient purification	Prohibited – majority scholarly opinion	🟧 Doubtful (Amber)
R8C	Calf Rennet: Unclear if used in the production of lactose or dairy ingredients.	Unknown (unclear whether Calf Rennet source)	Presence in Final Product: Unclear It is uncertain whether calf rennet is used at any stage. If used, it is generally considered pure (ṭāhir) by the majority of scholars, but a cautionary position is still recommended. However, if the product is certified halāl this usually reflects the majority opinion based on caution.	Permissible — majority scholarly opinion	🟨 Likely Halāl (Yellow)